If we want to understand the blood supply of the whole body, then we have to first read the branches of the aorta because aorta supplies oxygenated blood to our body.
Here we will study the main arteries of the body into two parts.
1. Aorta part’s and it’s branches
2. Whole Body Blood Supply- Upper limb, lower Limb, thorax, abdomen, head and neck blood supply.
Part- 1. Aorta part’s and it’s branches-
Aorta begin from the left ventricle of the the heart.
(System circulation- Start from heart left ventricle, and supply oxygenated blood to the body and return deoxygenated blood to the heart right atrium)
On the basis of sternal angle (also called angle of louis) we divide aorta into three parts, which are given below.
A. Ascending aorta-
Start from heart left ventricle and end at the level of sternal angle.
Its direction is from the downward (left ventricle) to the upward (sternal angle), that is why the ‘ascend’ word has been used here.
The dialated part of the ascending aorta is called aortic sinus and it was divided into anterior and posterior part (it is further divide into right posterior and left posterior part)
1. Right coronary artery-
It is arise from anterior part of aortic sinus.
2. Left coronary artery-
It is arise from left posterior part of aortic sinus.
Both coronary artery supply to the heart.
NOTE- Coronary artery supply to heart and carotid artery supply to the brain.
B. Arch of aorta-
Arch of aorta starts at the level of sternal angle and also end here.
It gives three branche’s
1. Brachio Cephalic artery-
It is divide into right common carotid and right subclavian artery.
2. Left common carotid artery-
Each common carotid artery (CCA) is divide into internal and external carotid artery and supply to the head and neck region.
3. Left subclavian artery-
Subclavian artery further continues in the axillary artery, brachial artery.
After crossing 1st rib subclavian artery is called axillary artery
and after crossing teres major axillary artery is called brachial artery.
Brachial artery gives two terminal branches, radial and ulnar artery.
In hand radial and ulnar artery form superficial and deep palmar arches.
C. Descending aorta-
Descending aorta start at the level of sternal angle and end by the the divide into two terminal branches (common iliac artery).
Its direction is from the upward (sternal angle) to the downward, that is why the ‘descend’ word has been used here.
It is divide into three part-
1. Thoracic part or aorta:
Supply to the thorax region.
2. Abdominal part or aorta:
It have 10 branches (3 anterior, 4 lateral, 2 posterior, and 1 terminal branche) and supply to the abdomen region.
For more detail about the branches of abdominal aorta click on below pic.
3. Terminal part or common iliac artery (Right and left):
Each common iliac artery is divide into internal and external iliac artery.
Inter iliac artery (further divided into anterior and posterior division) supply to the pelvic region.
After crossing Inguinal ligament external iliac artery is called Femoral artery and it is supply to the lower limb.
Part- 2. Whole Body Blood Supply-
After discussing aorta part and it’s branches we can easily understand the main arteries of the limbs, trunk, head and neck region.
Below we are talking only about the main arteries of body.
1. Upper limb blood artery-
Axillary artery (before first rib, it is called subclavian artery), brachial, radial, Ulnar artery and superficial and deep palmar arches are the main arteries of the upper limb. (See arch of aorta)
2. Lower limb blood supply-
Femoral (before Inguinal ligament, it is called external iliac artery), Popliteal, Anterior tibial, Dorsalis pedis artery and lateral and medial palmar arches are the main arteries of the lower limb. (see descending aorta terminal branches)
3. Thorax blood supply-
Thoracic aorta gives parietal and visceral branches and supply to the thorax region. (see descending aorta part)
4. Abdomen blood supply-
Abdominal Aorta and it’s branches supply to the viscera of the abdomen.
5. Head and neck blood supply-
Internal and external carotid artery (both are the branch of common carotid artery), basilar artery and vertebral artery are the main artery of head and neck region.
Internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery form circle of willis which supplies our brain.
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