Inheritance patterns describe how genetic traits or disorders are passed from one generation to the next. Here are some common patterns:
1. X-linked dominant inheritance (XD)
2. X-linked recessive inheritance (XR)
3. Autosomal dominant inheritance (AD)
4. Autosomal recessive inheritance (AR)
5. Mitrochondrial inheritance
X-linked dominant inheritance: |
1. Alport syndrome (Type lV collagen defect) |
2. Charcot marie tooth disease |
3. Fragile X syndrome |
4. Retts syndrome |
5. Vitamin D resistant rickets (Hypophatemic rickets) |
6. Incontinentia pigmenti |
X-linked recessive inheritance: (Mnemonic- A gamma haem color monkey was hunt far GOLD) |
1. Agamma globulin emia |
2. Haemophilia A and B |
3. Color blindness |
4. Menkes disease |
5. WAS (Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome) |
6. Hunter syndrome |
7. Fabry disease |
8. G-6-PD deficiency (Pentose phosphate pathway) |
9. OTC deficiency (Urea cycle) |
10. Lesch nyhan syndrome |
11. Lowe syndrome |
12. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) |
13. Diabetes insipidus (DI) |
Autosomal dominant inheritance: (Mnemonic- Vo Mango hai tasty) |
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) |
Marfan syndrome |
Myotonic dystrophy |
Achondroplasia |
Noonan syndrome |
Neurofibromatosis (NF) |
Osteogenesis imperfecta (Blue sclera) |
Hereditary spherocytosis |
Huntington’s chorea / disease |
Tuberous sclerosis (Shagreen patch) |
Autosomal recessive inheritance: |
Phenylalanine metabolism disorder- 1. PKU (phenylketonuria) 2. Tyrosinemia 3. Alkaptonuria 4. Albinism |
Obstructive lung disease (OLD)- 1. Emphysema 2. Cystic fibrosis |
Haemoglobinopathies- 1. Sickle cell anemia, SCA (Qualitative) 2. Thalassemia (Quantitative) |
Kidney syndrome- 1. Bartter syndrome 2. Gitelman syndrome |
Lysosomal storage disease- 1. Tay-Sachs disease 2. Gaucher’s disease |
Tri nucleotide repeat mutation- 1. Friedreich ataxia (GAA repeat) |
Hemochromatosis |
Mitochondria inheritance- (Mnemonic- Alphabet: KLLMNOP) |
KSS (Kearns-Sayre syndrome) |
Leigh disease (Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy) |
LHON (Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy) |
MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) |
NARP (Neurogenic muscle weakness, Ataxia, and Retinitis Pigmentosa) |
Opthalmoolegia - CPEO (Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia) |
Pearson syndrome |