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Loading Dose (LD) and Maintenance Dose (MD)

Loading Dose (LD) and Maintenance Dose (MD)

Pharmacology / /

Feature Loading Dose Maintenance Dose Purpose To quickly achieve therapeuticdrug levels To maintain drug levels withinthe therapeutic range Timing Given at the beginning oftherapy Given throughout treatmentat regular intervals Amount Usually higher than themaintenance dose Lower and consistent Used For • Drugs with long half-life  or delayed onset • During emergency All long-term therapies Formula […]

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NEET PG 2025 Paper Free for All on TCML App

Uncategorised / / / ,

NEET PG 2025 Paper is now available FREE for all students on the TCML Mobile App. This free full-length paper helps aspirants understand the latest exam pattern, improve time management, and evaluate their preparation level. All MBBS students, interns, and repeat aspirants can access it without any cost. Simply download the TCML App, log in,

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TNM staging of breast cancer

Uncategorised / /

Types of TNM staging: (Mnemonic- My CPR • mTNM- for multiple primary tumors at same site • yTNM- Staging is done patient has received neoadjuvant chemotherapy • ypTNM- Pathological staging done after neoadjuvant chemotherapy  • cTNM- for clinical staging • pTNM- for pathological staging • rTNM- for recurrent tumors  Stage Features Tis • DCIS • Paget’s disease of breast T1 ≤2cm

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Sperm ejaculation pathway

Uncategorised / /

• Seminiferous tubules  • Rete testis  • Vasa efferentia / Vas efferent (Connects rete testis & epididymis)  • Caput epididymis  • Corpus epididymis  • Cauda epididymis  • Vasa deferentia / Vas deferens • Ejaculatory duct (formed by the union of vas deferens and seminal vesicle) • Urethra (common passage for urine and semen out of the body) https://youtu.be/cmyq8iw4gdQ?si=P9PA7-ysUMfoh1zr Complete Neuroanatomy Lectures – Now Live

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Metabolic bone disease

Uncategorised / /

    Calcium PTH Phosphate ALP Vitamin D deficiency- • Rickets • Osteomalacia First increases then normal Increases Decreases Increases Primary hyperparathyroidism  Increases  Increases Decreases Increases Renal osteodystrophy Decreases Increases  Increases  Increases   Complete Neuroanatomy Lectures – Now Live on TCML App By TCML February 24, 2026 No Comments Amsel’s criteria By TCML February 24,

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Complete Neuroanatomy Lectures – Now Live on TCML App

Neuroanatomy / /

If you’re preparing for NEET PG, INICET, or FMGE, mastering neuroanatomy is non-negotiable. It’s one of the most challenging yet high-yield subjects in medical entrance exams. The good news? The Charsi of Medical Literature (TCML) has launched Complete Neuroanatomy Lectures, now live on the TCML App — designed to make this complex subject crisp, clear,

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Amsel’s criteria

Obstetrics and Gynecology / /

• Used to clinically diagnose Bacterial vaginosis (BV). Diagnosis requires at least 3 out of 4 of the following criteria:1. Thin, homogeneous, white vaginal discharge – Usually adherent to the vaginal walls.  2. Vaginal pH > 4.5 – Measured with pH paper; normal vaginal pH is ≤ 4.5.  3. Positive Whiff test (Amine test) – A fishy odor

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Primary biliary cholangitis and Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Uncategorised / /

  Primary Biliary Cholangitis(PBC) Feature Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis(PSC) Chronic autoimmune destructionof small intrahepatic bile ducts (IHBD) Definition Chronic inflammation and fibrosis ofintra (IHBD) & extrahepatic bileducts (EHBD) Mostly women GenderPredilection Mostly men 40–60 years Age of Onset 20–40 years – Sjogrens syndrome – Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)– Celiac disease– Systemic sclerosis AssociatedConditions Ulcerative colitis(in ~70% cases)  AMA

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Trematodes (Flukes)

Microbiology / /

Blood flukes- • Schistosoma  Lung flukes- • Paragonimus westermani  Liver flukes- [UPSC CMS 2024] • Opisthorchis  • Clonorchis • Fasciola hepatica and gigantica Intestinal flukes- • Fasciolopsis buski Trematodes(Flukes) Primaryhost 1st intermediatehost 2nd intermediatehost Schistosoma Man  Snail[UPSC CMS 2024] – Paragonimuswestermani  Man Snail Crab / Cray fish Opisthorchis  Man Snail Fish Clonorchis  Man Snail Fish Fasciola hepatica Man/ Sheep Snail Fresh aquatic plant

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Foremilk and Hindmilk

Uncategorised / /

  Foremilk Hindmilk Milk secreted in the initial part of the feed (First 10-15 min) Milk secreted in the later part of the feed (second half) Primary quenches the thrist of the child but not hunger Primary quenches the hunger of the child and contributes to weight gain Watery in consistency Thick in consistency &

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