Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency-🔴 See in Maize / corn earters (Mnemonic: M is looking like 3)M = 3Maize = B3 🟡 Symptoms: (Mnemonic: 3D in B3)– Diarrhea – Dermatitis: Casal collar– Dementia https://youtu.be/UGHioYFlH90?si=4gxgtJK56q-UF0re Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Test for semen By TCML March 6, 2026 No Comments Anaesthesia Capnography By TCML March 1, 2026 No […]
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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency – 1. Beri Beri (Wet, dry etc) 2. Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) deficiency – 1. Angular cheliosis 2. Corneal vascularization 3. Seborrheic dermatitis Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency – 1. Pellagra (4D: Dementia, Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Death) 2. Hartnup disease 3. Carcinoid syndrome (Seratonin production increase) 4. Vitamin B3 deficiency see
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Feature Apolipoprotein B48 Apolipoprotein B100 Synthesissite Intestines (Enterocytes) Liver Length 48% shorter thanApolipoprotein B100 Full-length(4,536 amino acids) Amino acidSsequence Truncated form ofApolipoprotein B100 Full-length,longer sequence RNA Editing Result of RNA editing(cytidine to uridine conversion) No RNA editing,full-length protein Majorcomponent Chylomicron VLDL, IDL, LDL Function Involved in lipid transportfrom intestines Involved in lipidtransportfrom liver
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Wilson disease Menke disease 1. Autosomal recessive 1. X linked recessive 2. Mutation in the ATP7B gene 2. Mutation in the ATP7A gene 3. Defective copper excretion (Copper overload in body) 3. Impaired copper absorption (Copper deficiency in body)
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Charts highlights- 1. Glycogenesis or glycogen synthesis2. Phospho glucomutase3. UDP – Glucose (Activated Glucose)4. Glycogenin5. Glycogen Primer (GP)6. Glycogen Synthase (GS)7. Branching Enzyme (BE)
Lactic acidosis cause- 1. Due to increase production of lactic acid (anaerobic condition – hypoxia, anoxia, shock etc.) 2. Due to decrease utilization of lactic acid (gluconeogenesis and krebs cycle)
Chart Overview – 1. Sorbitol or polyol pathway 2. Glycolysis3. Fructose metabolism4. Galactose metabolism5. Uronic acid pathway6. Glycogenesis7. Glycogenolysis 8. Pentose phosphate pathway9. Gluconeogenesis 10. Krebs cycle
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Chart Overview- 1. Hyperglycemia 2. Hexokinase 3. Aldolase reductase 4. Sorbitol 5. Insulin Insensitive Cells 6. Complication of Diabetes 7. Diabetic cataract
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