Lignocaine
Three type of lignocaine are available- 1. Lignocaine without preservative 2. Lignocaine with preservative 3. Lignocaine with preservative + Adrenaline Other local anesthetics- 1. Bupivacaine 2. Proparacaine
Ambu bag
Ambu bag parts – 1. Inlet – a. Oxygen inlet: Connect with oxygen cylinder. b. Air inlet: Connect with oxygen reservoir bag. 2. Outlet – a. Mask attach on it.b. One way valve present 3. Pop-off valve 4. Bag AMBU (Artificial Manual Breathing Unit)
Scabies
Highlights: 1. Caused by sarcoptes scabei (Itch mite). 2. Pathognomonic sign – Burrow 3. Hebra circle 4. Treatment – Scabicides (Kill mite) and Antihistamines (Reduce itching) Reference: 1. GHAI Essential Pediatrics, Vinod K Paul and Arvind Bagga, 9th Edition, P. No. 699, 700
Eclampsia
Eclampsia – 1. Convulsion present 2. Patient blood pressure >140/90 mm of Hg 3. Protein present in patient urine (Proteinuria) Magnesium sulphate toxicity (signs) – 1. Deep tendon reflex (Patellar reflex) – absent/decrease 2. Respiratory rate decrease – less then 16 /min (It’s check by pulse oximeter) 3. Urine output decrease – less then 30
Beta Lactam Antibiotics
Beta Lactam antibiotics – 1. Cephalosporins – Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin)2. Penicillins – Piperacillin, Amoxycillin 3. Monobactam – Aztreonam4. Carbapenems – Meropenem Beta Lactamase Inhibitor – 1. Clavulanic acid2. Tazobactam3. Sulbactam
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Laryngoscope
Laryngoscope is divide into two parts – (see image below) 1. Handle 2. Blade – Curved blade (Macintosh blade) and straight blade (Miller blade)
General anesthesia
A. Inhalational general anesthetics – 1. Gas – Nitrous oxide 2. Volatile liquid – Isoflurane, Sevoflurane NOTE : All inhalational general anesthesia drugs mention on anesthesia machine. (See below image) B. Intravenous general anesthetics – 1. Fast acting – Propofol (It looks like milk, see below image), Thiopentone sodium 2. Slow acting – a.
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Kocher’s forceps
Kocher’s forceps – 1. Curved kocher’s forceps (See image below) 2. Straight kocher’s forceps How to sterilize? 1. Autoclave (Moist heat sterilization) 2. Hot air oven (Dry heat sterilization)
Allis forceps
How to identify? See toothed tips Use – 1. It’s toothed tips make it easy to grasping, lifting and retracting the tissue during surgery. 2. It’s used to hold the cervix to stabilize the uterus. 3. It’s used to hold the rectus sheath in abdominal surgery. How to sterilize? 1. Autoclave (Moist heat sterilization) 2.
Keloid
Scar types – 1. Atrophic scar 2. Hypertrophic scar 3. Keloid scar (see image below) Triamcinolone – It’s a corticosteroid (glucocortocoid) Use to treat hypertrophic and keloid scars (Intra lesional injection) Reference – 1. Bailey and love’s short practice of surgery, Vol – 1, 27th edition, P. No. 31