Surgery Lecture’s
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Types of epiphysis
February 23, 2026
Type of Epiphysis Example Definition Pressure Epiphysis • Head of femur • Head of humerus Found at the ends of long bones; takes part in weight transmission and joint articulation. Traction Epiphysis TTT • Traction • Trochanter • Tubercle • Greater & Lesser trochanter of femur • Greater & Lesser tubercle of humerus • Mastoid process of […]
T-score and Z-score in osteoporosis
February 23, 2026
Point T-score Z-score Number of SD a patient’s BMD is above or below the mean for healthy young adult reference population Number of SD a patient’s BMD is above or below the mean for age, sex, and ethnicity-matched population Reference group Healthy young adults (typically 20–30 years old) People of the same age, sex, […]
Pneumoconiosis
February 23, 2026
https://youtu.be/AElHSc55_0k?si=fby_Y4jzm5J0nlBY Pneumoconiosis is a group of occupational lung diseases caused by inhalation and deposition of inorganic or organic dust in the lungs, leading to fibrosis. Type ofPneumoconiosis Causative dust OccupationalExposure Anthracosis(Coal worker’spneumoconiosis / Black lung disease) Coal dust (carbon) Coal miners Asbestosis Asbestos Shipyard workers Cement industry worker Baritosis Barium industry worker Berylliosis Beryllium(Non-Caseating granuloma) Aerospace industry Electronics industry Byssinosis […]




