Pharmacology

Alkylating agents & Platinum compounds

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Cell cycle non-specific drugs:  • Alkylating agents (FMGE Dec 2020) • Platinum compounds  Alkylating agents Drugs Nitrogen mustard • Mechlorethamine (Mustin chloride) • Cyclophosphamide • Melphalan • Cholrambucil • Busulfan Nitrosoureas Bifunctional alkylating agents Miscellaneous • Temozolomide • Dacarbazine • Procarbazine • Thiotepa • Altretamine • Trabectedin • Lubinectedin  Platinum compounds- • Cisplatin • Carboplatin • Oxaliplatin • Nedaplatin Platinum-induced nephropathy: • Platinum compounds cause direct toxicity to proximal tubule (S3 segment), leads to acute tubular necrosis (ATN). […]

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GABA- A, B, C receptor

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  Feature GABA-A GABA-B GABA-C Type Ionotropic Metabotropic (GPCR) Ionotropic Channel Type Cl⁻ (chloride) channel Cl⁻ influx G-protein coupled: Gi type(indirectly opens K⁺ channels) K⁺ efflux Cl⁻ (chloride) channel Action Fast inhibitory Slow & prolonged inhibitory Slow inhibitory Subunits Pentameric (2α, 2β, γ) Dimer of GABA-B1 & GABA-B2 subunits Pentameric (mostly ρ subunits) Location Brain

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Loading Dose (LD) and Maintenance Dose (MD)

Loading Dose (LD) and Maintenance Dose (MD)

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Feature Loading Dose Maintenance Dose Purpose To quickly achieve therapeuticdrug levels To maintain drug levels withinthe therapeutic range Timing Given at the beginning oftherapy Given throughout treatmentat regular intervals Amount Usually higher than themaintenance dose Lower and consistent Used For • Drugs with long half-life  or delayed onset • During emergency All long-term therapies Formula

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General anesthesia

Pharmacology / / / , , , ,

A. Inhalational general anesthetics – 1. Gas – Nitrous oxide 2. Volatile liquid – Isoflurane, Sevoflurane NOTE : All inhalational general anesthesia drugs mention on anesthesia machine. (See below image) B. Intravenous general anesthetics – 1. Fast acting – Propofol (It looks like milk, see below image), Thiopentone sodium 2. Slow acting –    a.

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Pharmacology, TCML Chart / / / , , , , , , ,

What is GERD? Due to Reflux of gastric content/content from stomach to esophagus. Cause of GERD- Due to decrease lower esophageal sphincter (LES) tone, LES is not properly closed, as result gastric content reflux into esophagus and damage the mucosa of esophagus. (See Treatmentof GERD – Prokinetic drug) Treatment of GERD – 1. PPI (Proton

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Bell’s Palsy

Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Pharmacology / / / , , , , , , ,

Overview:  In this topic we covered – Facial Nerve branches Bell’s Palsy Bell’s Phenomenon Lagophthalmos Exposure Keratopathy Corneal Ulcers Epiphora or Watering Eye Paralytic Ectropion Treatment Facial Nerve: Branches Overview Greater Petrosal Nerve: Join Deep Petrosal Nerve ( from Sympathetic nerve plexus around Internal Carotid Artery ) and form Nerve of Pterygoid Canal Br. to

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