Trematodes
Blood flukes- • Schistosoma Lung flukes- • Paragonimus westermani Liver flukes- [UPSC CMS 2024] • Opisthorchis • Clonorchis • Fasciola hepatica and gigantica Intestinal flukes- • Fasciolopsis buski
Blood flukes- • Schistosoma Lung flukes- • Paragonimus westermani Liver flukes- [UPSC CMS 2024] • Opisthorchis • Clonorchis • Fasciola hepatica and gigantica Intestinal flukes- • Fasciolopsis buski
Binocular single vision Binocular single vision is the ability of both eyes to focus on the same object simultaneously and perceive it as a single image. Grades of binocular single vision: Grade 1. Simultaneous perceptionBoth eyes perceive images at the same time. Grade 2. FusionThe brain combines two slightly different images into one single image.
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Highlights: 1. Caused by sarcoptes scabei (Itch mite). 2. Pathognomonic sign – Burrow 3. Hebra circle 4. Treatment – Scabicides (Kill mite) and Antihistamines (Reduce itching) Reference: 1. GHAI Essential Pediatrics, Vinod K Paul and Arvind Bagga, 9th Edition, P. No. 699, 700
Kocher’s forceps – 1. Curved kocher’s forceps (See image below) 2. Straight kocher’s forceps How to sterilize? 1. Autoclave (Moist heat sterilization) 2. Hot air oven (Dry heat sterilization)
How to identify? See toothed tips Use – 1. It’s toothed tips make it easy to grasping, lifting and retracting the tissue during surgery. 2. It’s used to hold the cervix to stabilize the uterus. 3. It’s used to hold the rectus sheath in abdominal surgery. How to sterilize? 1. Autoclave (Moist heat sterilization) 2.
Scar types – 1. Atrophic scar 2. Hypertrophic scar 3. Keloid scar (see image below) Triamcinolone – It’s a corticosteroid (glucocortocoid) Use to treat hypertrophic and keloid scars (Intra lesional injection) Reference – 1. Bailey and love’s short practice of surgery, Vol – 1, 27th edition, P. No. 31