Parameter Dual Test Triple Test Quadruple Test Timing First trimester Second trimester Second trimester Components 1. Beta-hCG 2. PAPP-A • Nuchal translucency(NT) on USG 1. Beta-hCG 2. AFP 3. uE3 1. Beta-hCG 2. AFP 3. uE3 4. Inhibin A *PAPP-A (Pregnancy associated plasma protein-A) Edwards syndrome, Down syndrome and NTD (Neural tube defect)- […]
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• Bacterial vaginosis (BV)- Anaerobic • Trichomoniasis • Candidiasis (Candida) Feature Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), Anaerobic Trichomoniasis Candidiasis (Candida) Organism Type Bacteria (Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes) Protozoan (Trichomonas vaginalis) Fungus (Candida albicans) Discharge • Thin • Grey-white • Fishy-smelling • Thin • Green • Foul-smelling • Frothy • Thick • Curdy white (“cottage cheese”) Special Point Clue cells on microscopy Colpitis macularis / “strawberry cervix” Most common vaginitis in
Transplantation is the medical procedure in which living, functioning cells, tissues, or organs are removed from one body (donor) and then transferred to another body (recipient) or sometimes back into the same body (autotransplantation). This process can restore or replace the function of damaged or missing organs and tissues. Type of graft Donor & Recipientrelationship
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Live Attenuated Vaccine Killed (Inactivated) Vaccine Mnemonic: I love small chick EMBRYO – Influenza (Live): via nasal route – Small pox (Variola) – Chicken pox (Varicella) vaccine: Oka strain – JE (Live): SA-14-14-2 strain – Measles / MR – BCG – Rotavirus vaccine (RVV) – Yellow fever vaccine – OPV (Sabin) (PYQ: INICET Nov
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Feature Apolipoprotein B48 Apolipoprotein B100 Synthesissite Intestines (Enterocytes) Liver Length 48% shorter thanApolipoprotein B100 Full-length(4,536 amino acids) Amino acidSsequence Truncated form ofApolipoprotein B100 Full-length,longer sequence RNA Editing Result of RNA editing(cytidine to uridine conversion) No RNA editing,full-length protein Majorcomponent Chylomicron VLDL, IDL, LDL Function Involved in lipid transportfrom intestines Involved in lipidtransportfrom liver
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– Flagellated protozoan parasite – Lack of cyst stage, it exists only in the trophozoite form – Symptoms: Profuse frothy greenish yellow discharge – It shows twitching motility / Jerky / Wobbling / Rotatory motility 🔴 NEET PG 2023– Colpitis macularis: Strawberry appearance of vaginal mucosa (Angry looking vagina) – Culture: Diamond’s media– Treatment: Metronidazole / Tinidazole CAMP
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CAMP test-positive organism: 1. Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS/Group B Streptococcus) 2. Listeria monocytogenes CAMP test and Reverse CAMP test By TCML February 27, 2026 No Comments Structure locate between muscles of pharynx By TCML February 27, 2026 No Comments Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve By TCML February 26, 2026 No Comments Third ventricle of brain By TCML February
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Anatomical gap Structures Passing Through Between Skull Base& SC – Eustachian tube – Levator veli palatini muscle – Ascending palatine artery – Palatine branch of ascending pharyngealartery Between SC& MC – Stylopharyngeus muscle (supplied by CN-9) – Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN-9) Between MC& IC (Thyrohyoidmembrane) – Internal laryngeal nerve (ILN) – Superior laryngeal artery & vein
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– Aka Foramen of winslow – It’s an opening that connects the greater sac (general peritoneal cavity) with the lesser sac (omental bursa). Boundaries Structure Anterior Hepatoduodenal ligament, which contains portal triad- • Hepatic artery proper • Portal vein • Common bile duct (CBD) Posterior • Inferior vena cava (IVC) • T12 vertebra Superior Caudate lobe of the liver Inferior
• Type: Autoimmune blistering disorder • Autoantibodies: Against Desmoglein-3 (mucosa) ± Desmoglein-1 (skin) — components of desmosomes • Hypersensitivity type: Type 3 Hypersensitivity (Ag-Ab complex) • Blister type- Flaccid, Intraepidermal blisters Pemphigus group of disorders Pemphigoid group of disorders Bullae Flaccid bullae Tense bullae (because whole epidermis is present in bulla covering so bulla is tight / tense) Bullae
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