Foremilk Hindmilk Milk secreted in the initial part of the feed (First 10-15 min) Milk secreted in the later part of the feed (second half) Primary quenches the thrist of the child but not hunger Primary quenches the hunger of the child and contributes to weight gain Watery in consistency Thick in consistency & […]
Foremilk and Hindmilk Read More »
(Mnemonic: 17 + 3 = ~21; 11) 1. 17α-hydroxylase 2. 3β-HSD 3. 21-hydroxylase (m/c type of CAH) 4. 11β-hydroxylase HSD – Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Ambiguous genitalia in female Under virilized male (Testosterone not synthesis) Salt wasting and Hyperkalemia 21-hydroxylase deficiency 3β-HSD Hypertension (HTN) 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (INICET May 2024) 17α-hydroxylase deficiency Types of epiphysis By
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Read More »
Type of Epiphysis Example Definition Pressure Epiphysis • Head of femur • Head of humerus Found at the ends of long bones; takes part in weight transmission and joint articulation. Traction Epiphysis TTT • Traction • Trochanter • Tubercle • Greater & Lesser trochanter of femur • Greater & Lesser tubercle of humerus • Mastoid process of
Types of epiphysis Read More »
Point T-score Z-score Number of SD a patient’s BMD is above or below the mean for healthy young adult reference population Number of SD a patient’s BMD is above or below the mean for age, sex, and ethnicity-matched population Reference group Healthy young adults (typically 20–30 years old) People of the same age, sex,
T-score and Z-score in osteoporosis Read More »
https://youtu.be/AElHSc55_0k?si=fby_Y4jzm5J0nlBY Pneumoconiosis is a group of occupational lung diseases caused by inhalation and deposition of inorganic or organic dust in the lungs, leading to fibrosis. Type ofPneumoconiosis Causative dust OccupationalExposure Anthracosis(Coal worker’spneumoconiosis / Black lung disease) Coal dust (carbon) Coal miners Asbestosis Asbestos Shipyard workers Cement industry worker Baritosis Barium industry worker Berylliosis Beryllium(Non-Caseating granuloma) Aerospace industry Electronics industry Byssinosis
The Wobble Hypothesis was proposed by Francis Crick (1966) to explain how a limited number of tRNA molecules can recognize multiple codons for the same amino acid. Key Idea: • In translation, the first two bases of the codon (mRNA) strictly follow base-pairing rules with the anticodon (tRNA). • The third base of the codon (called the wobble position) can form non-standard, flexible base pairing with the anticodon.
https://youtu.be/Gft02NtWFWs?si=J343HMQL3B7O7ly2 • 5 stationary complex – I, II, III, IV, V • 2 mobile carriers – CoQ (UQ), Cyt C • All these complexes are made up of heme proteins except Ubiquinone Q (It’s a by product of cholesterol synthesis) • All these complexes have iron in centre except complex IV (It have copper in centre) ETC complex
Electron transport chain Read More »
Uncouplers of ETC | Uncouplers matlab engine chal raha hai but gaadi aage nahi badh rahi — heat hi heat! 🔥😄 Uncouplers are chemicals that disconnect (uncouple) electron transport from ATP synthesis. Normally: ETC → pumps H⁺ → forms proton gradient → ATP synthase makes ATP With uncouplers: – They destroy the proton gradient by
Uncouplers of electron transport chain Read More »
Type of Insulin Duration of action Example Identification Inhaled insulin 2-3 hrs • Afrezza – Rapid acting 3-4 hrs • Lispro • Aspart • Glulisine Clear Short acting 6-8 hrs) Regular / Soluble insulin (Mnemonic- SS) Clear Intermediate acting 10-16 hrs • Isophane insulin / NPH • Lente (Insulin Znsuspension) Cloudy Long acting 12-24
